Ontology type: schema:ScholarlyArticle Open Access: True
2015-12
AUTHORSWataru Aoi, Yumi Ogaya, Maki Takami, Toru Konishi, Yusuke Sauchi, Eun Young Park, Sayori Wada, Kenji Sato, Akane Higashi
ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDS: Glutathione is an endogenous redox couple in animal cells and plays important roles in antioxidant defense and detoxification, although it is unknown if oral glutathione supplementation affects exercise-induced physiological changes. The present study investigated the effect of glutathione intake on exercise-induced muscle metabolism and fatigue in mice and humans. METHODS: ICR mice were divided into 4 groups: sedentary control, sedentary supplemented with glutathione (2.0%, 5 μL/g body weight), exercise control, and exercise supplemented with glutathione. After 2 weeks, the exercise groups ran on a treadmill at 25 m/min for 30 min. Immediately post-exercise, intermuscular pH was measured, and hind limb muscle and blood samples were collected to measure biochemical parameters. In a double-blind, cross-over study, 8 healthy men (35.9 ± 2.0 y) were administered either glutathione (1 g/d) or placebo for 2 weeks. Then, they exercised on a cycle ergometer at 40% maximal heart rate for 60 min. Psychological state and blood biochemical parameters were examined after exercise. RESULTS: In the mouse experiment, post-exercise plasma non-esterified fatty acids were significantly lower in the exercise supplemented with glutathione group (820 ± 44 mEq/L) compared with the exercise control group (1152 ± 61 mEq/L). Intermuscular pH decreased with exercise (7.17 ± 0.01); however, this reduction was prevented by glutathione supplementation (7.23 ± 0.02). The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α protein and mitochondrial DNA levels were significantly higher in the sedentary supplemented with glutathione group compared with the sedentary control group (25% and 53% higher, respectively). In the human study, the elevation of blood lactate was suppressed by glutathione intake (placebo, 3.4 ± 1.1 mM; glutathione, 2.9 ± 0.6 mM). Fatigue-related psychological factors were significantly decreased in the glutathione trial compared with the placebo trial. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that glutathione supplementation improved lipid metabolism and acidification in skeletal muscles during exercise, leading to less muscle fatigue. More... »
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"description": "BACKGROUNDS: Glutathione is an endogenous redox couple in animal cells and plays important roles in antioxidant defense and detoxification, although it is unknown if oral glutathione supplementation affects exercise-induced physiological changes. The present study investigated the effect of glutathione intake on exercise-induced muscle metabolism and fatigue in mice and humans.\nMETHODS: ICR mice were divided into 4 groups: sedentary control, sedentary supplemented with glutathione (2.0%, 5\u00a0\u03bcL/g body weight), exercise control, and exercise supplemented with glutathione. After 2\u00a0weeks, the exercise groups ran on a treadmill at 25\u00a0m/min for 30\u00a0min. Immediately post-exercise, intermuscular pH was measured, and hind limb muscle and blood samples were collected to measure biochemical parameters. In a double-blind, cross-over study, 8 healthy men (35.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0 y) were administered either glutathione (1\u00a0g/d) or placebo for 2\u00a0weeks. Then, they exercised on a cycle ergometer at 40% maximal heart rate for 60\u00a0min. Psychological state and blood biochemical parameters were examined after exercise.\nRESULTS: In the mouse experiment, post-exercise plasma non-esterified fatty acids were significantly lower in the exercise supplemented with glutathione group (820\u2009\u00b1\u200944\u00a0mEq/L) compared with the exercise control group (1152\u2009\u00b1\u200961\u00a0mEq/L). Intermuscular pH decreased with exercise (7.17\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01); however, this reduction was prevented by glutathione supplementation (7.23\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02). The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 coactivator-1\u03b1 protein and mitochondrial DNA levels were significantly higher in the sedentary supplemented with glutathione group compared with the sedentary control group (25% and 53% higher, respectively). In the human study, the elevation of blood lactate was suppressed by glutathione intake (placebo, 3.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u00a0mM; glutathione, 2.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u00a0mM). Fatigue-related psychological factors were significantly decreased in the glutathione trial compared with the placebo trial.\nCONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that glutathione supplementation improved lipid metabolism and acidification in skeletal muscles during exercise, leading to less muscle fatigue.",
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