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          "alternateName": "Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nashan District, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People\u2019s Republic of China", 
          "id": "http://www.grid.ac/institutes/grid.508161.b", 
          "name": [
            "State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai, China", 
            "Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China", 
            "Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nashan District, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People\u2019s Republic of China"
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    "datePublished": "2021-10-09", 
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    "description": "BackgroundTheranostic nanomedicines contain a nanovehicle that has fluorescent properties and can be used for diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic purposes. The transferrin receptor expression is 1000-fold higher in rapidly growing cancer cells as compared to the normal cells and, therefore, can be used in targeted drug delivery systems. The objective of the present study was to design a novel targeted gold nanoparticle (GNPs)-based theranostic formulation for gastrointestinal (GI) tract-related cancers. The synthesized GNPs were conjugated to transferrin and doxorubicin both separately and collectively to check their cytotoxic properties. The in vitro cytotoxicity of nanocomposites was observed against colon cancer cell line HCT-116. The doxorubicin conjugated nanocomposites showed almost the same cytotoxicity, but more effect at later hours (h). The IC50 and IC100 were 50\u00a0\u00b5g/ml and 250\u00a0\u00b5g/ml, respectively, equivalent to the doxorubicin weight for GNP theranostic nanomedicine.ResultsThe maximum effect was observed after 12\u00a0h and nanomedicines were still active after 72\u00a0h of treatment. Our in vivo data proved that nanomedicine crossed all the barriers and was successfully delivered to the tumour cells. Theranostic nanomedicine\u2019s (TNM) effect on body weight and survival rate on mice was many folds better than mice in pure doxorubicin group. It also showed almost 80% survival rate on day 40. The in vivo and in vitro results show the effects of prolonged drug release and the nanomedicine was not toxic to vital organs of the animal.ConclusionThis is one of its kind studies in which a novel targeted nanomedicines approach was formulated for therapeutic as well as prognostic purposes against GI tract cancer.Graphic Abstract", 
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        "name": "Cancer Nanotechnology", 
        "publisher": "Springer Nature", 
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    "name": "A novel formulation of theranostic nanomedicine for targeting drug delivery to gastrointestinal tract cancer", 
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