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    "description": "BackgroundThere are a lack of biomarkers which can be used to predict clinical outcomes for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients receiving interferon beta (IFN-\u03b2). Thus the objective of this study was to characterize changes in CD4+ T-lymphocyte expression in an unbiased manner following initiation of intramuscular (IM) IFN-\u03b2-1a treatment, and then to verify those findings using marker-specific assays.MethodsPeripheral blood specimens were collected from twenty MS patients before and after treatment with intramuscular (IM) IFN-\u03b2-1a and were used for isolation of mononuclear cells (PBMCs). mRNA expression patterns of negatively-selected CD4+ T-cells from the PBMCs were analyzed using microarray gene expression technology. IL-12 and IL-23 receptor levels on PBMC-derived CD4+ T-cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The phosphorylation status of Stat4 was measured by performing densitometry on western blots.ResultsMicroarray analyses demonstrated that mRNA expression of the IL-12R\u03b22 gene was uniformly up-regulated in response to IFN-\u03b2-1a treatment and was associated with an increased number of IL-12R\u03b22+ CD4+ T-cells by flow cytometry in 4 of 6 patients. This finding was substantiated by demonstrating that Stat4 phosphorylation, a transcription factor for IL-12, was increased after treatment. Conversely, the number of IL-23R+ CD4+ T-cells was decreased following treatment.ConclusionsThe IL-12 receptor shares a common subunit, the IL-12R\u03b22, with the IL-23 receptor. Both of these receptors have a probable role in regulating IL-17 and TH-17 cells, important mediators of inflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS). Thus, the changes in the numbers of CD4+ T-cells expressing these receptors in response to IFN-\u03b2-1a treatment may point to an important mechanism of action for this drug, but further large scale studies are needed to confirm these preliminary observations.", 
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    "name": "Preliminary study: Treatment with intramuscular interferon beta-1a results in increased levels of IL-12R\u03b22+ and decreased levels of IL23R+ CD4+ T - Lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis", 
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