Ontology type: schema:ScholarlyArticle Open Access: True
2019-12
AUTHORSGolnaz Sherafatipour, Johannes Benduhn, Bhushan R. Patil, Mehrad Ahmadpour, Donato Spoltore, Horst-Günter Rubahn, Koen Vandewal, Morten Madsen
ABSTRACTAchieving long-term stability in organic solar cells is a remaining bottleneck for the commercialization of this otherwise highly appealing technology. In this work, we study the performance and stability differences in standard and inverted DBP/C70 based organic solar cells. Differences in the charge-transfer state properties of inverted and standard configuration DBP/C70 solar cells are revealed by sensitive external quantum efficiency measurements, leading to differences in the open-circuit voltages of the devices. The degradation of standard and inverted solar cell configurations at ISOS aging test conditions (ISOS-D-3 and ISOS-T-3) was investigated and compared. The results indicate that the performance drop in the small molecule bilayer solar cells is less related to changes at the D-A interface, suggesting also a pronounced morphological stability, and instead, in the case of inverted cells, dominated by degradation at the electron transport layer (ETL) bathocuproine (BCP). Photoluminescence measurements, electron-only-device characteristics, and stability measurements show improved exciton blocking, electron transport properties and a higher stability for BCP/Ag ETL stacks, giving rise to inverted devices with enhanced performance and device stability. More... »
PAGES4024
http://scigraph.springernature.com/pub.10.1038/s41598-019-40541-6
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40541-6
DIMENSIONShttps://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1112675903
PUBMEDhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30858539
JSON-LD is the canonical representation for SciGraph data.
TIP: You can open this SciGraph record using an external JSON-LD service: JSON-LD Playground Google SDTT
[
{
"@context": "https://springernature.github.io/scigraph/jsonld/sgcontext.json",
"about": [
{
"id": "http://purl.org/au-research/vocabulary/anzsrc-for/2008/0306",
"inDefinedTermSet": "http://purl.org/au-research/vocabulary/anzsrc-for/2008/",
"name": "Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"id": "http://purl.org/au-research/vocabulary/anzsrc-for/2008/03",
"inDefinedTermSet": "http://purl.org/au-research/vocabulary/anzsrc-for/2008/",
"name": "Chemical Sciences",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
}
],
"author": [
{
"affiliation": {
"alternateName": "University of Southern Denmark",
"id": "https://www.grid.ac/institutes/grid.10825.3e",
"name": [
"SDU NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, S\u00f8nderborg, Denmark"
],
"type": "Organization"
},
"familyName": "Sherafatipour",
"givenName": "Golnaz",
"type": "Person"
},
{
"affiliation": {
"name": [
"Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden N\u00f6thnitzer Str. 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany"
],
"type": "Organization"
},
"familyName": "Benduhn",
"givenName": "Johannes",
"type": "Person"
},
{
"affiliation": {
"alternateName": "University of Southern Denmark",
"id": "https://www.grid.ac/institutes/grid.10825.3e",
"name": [
"SDU NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, S\u00f8nderborg, Denmark"
],
"type": "Organization"
},
"familyName": "Patil",
"givenName": "Bhushan R.",
"type": "Person"
},
{
"affiliation": {
"alternateName": "University of Southern Denmark",
"id": "https://www.grid.ac/institutes/grid.10825.3e",
"name": [
"SDU NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, S\u00f8nderborg, Denmark"
],
"type": "Organization"
},
"familyName": "Ahmadpour",
"givenName": "Mehrad",
"type": "Person"
},
{
"affiliation": {
"name": [
"Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden N\u00f6thnitzer Str. 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany"
],
"type": "Organization"
},
"familyName": "Spoltore",
"givenName": "Donato",
"type": "Person"
},
{
"affiliation": {
"alternateName": "University of Southern Denmark",
"id": "https://www.grid.ac/institutes/grid.10825.3e",
"name": [
"SDU NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, S\u00f8nderborg, Denmark"
],
"type": "Organization"
},
"familyName": "Rubahn",
"givenName": "Horst-G\u00fcnter",
"type": "Person"
},
{
"affiliation": {
"alternateName": "University of Hasselt",
"id": "https://www.grid.ac/institutes/grid.12155.32",
"name": [
"Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden N\u00f6thnitzer Str. 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany",
"Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium"
],
"type": "Organization"
},
"familyName": "Vandewal",
"givenName": "Koen",
"type": "Person"
},
{
"affiliation": {
"alternateName": "University of Southern Denmark",
"id": "https://www.grid.ac/institutes/grid.10825.3e",
"name": [
"SDU NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, S\u00f8nderborg, Denmark"
],
"type": "Organization"
},
"familyName": "Madsen",
"givenName": "Morten",
"type": "Person"
}
],
"citation": [
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2011.01.035",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1000114308"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ta01350f",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1002372517"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4793195",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1003078080"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4907399",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1004038320"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2975185",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1007965441"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1021/nl302172w",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1008089381"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201400114",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1008998253"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201100038",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1011140191"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201303941",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1012245094"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2015.08.015",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1012353875"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2015.08.015",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1012353875"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2015.08.015",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1012353875"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2015.08.015",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1012353875"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.200900224",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1012987983"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.200900224",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1012987983"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1039/c4nr05425c",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1013345729"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2014.07.011",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1013775507"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4801647",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1015805133"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.04.080",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1016684172"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1021/jp804151a",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1017677147"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1021/jp804151a",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1017677147"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1039/c1jm13256c",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1018689652"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90104-7",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1023309828"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90104-7",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1023309828"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1007/s40820-016-0107-3",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1024642124",
"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-016-0107-3"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1007/s40820-016-0107-3",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1024642124",
"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-016-0107-3"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1007/s40820-016-0107-3",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1024642124",
"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-016-0107-3"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1007/s40820-016-0107-3",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1024642124",
"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-016-0107-3"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2009.12.024",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1026904019"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2013.07.041",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1027125765"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1117/2.1201309.005006",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1030696604"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2010.07.016",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1030822346"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201100429",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1033415900"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2008.11.034",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1033859536"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2011.10.014",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1034125032"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1038/ncomms9929",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1034808838",
"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9929"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee22952h",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1036390730"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2006.10.008",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1038360821"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/354837",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1039423283"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1039/b823001c",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1043411536"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1039/b823001c",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1043411536"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.81.125204",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1044710389"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.81.125204",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1044710389"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ee01766g",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1046807379"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4894089",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1046868873"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2010.09.007",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1048092437"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2014.04.030",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1052557834"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1007/s00339-016-9758-7",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1053381288",
"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-9758-7"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1021/cm504391k",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1053899557"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b07548",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1055109719"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b03656",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1055127189"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1021/j100345a040",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1055665971"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00062a081",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1055703404"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00067a063",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1055703870"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1021/jp506180k",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1056102043"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1021/ma035620+",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1056188964"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1021/ma035620+",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1056188964"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1021/ma201911a",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1056195759"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1021/ma201911a",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1056195759"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2362624",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1057852664"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3650472",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1057991863"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/49/12/125604",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1058968858"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/49/46/465106",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1058969603"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2010.2043061",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1061336093"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b01183",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1084124660"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aa7f1c",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1090638235"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1038/s41467-017-00107-4",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1090696180",
"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00107-4"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2017.2713405",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1090959952"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2014.6925409",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1094182329"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2018.03.024",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1101698495"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2018.03.024",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1101698495"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201801801",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1105458052"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat2612",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1106079499"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1038/s41598-018-30826-7",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1106187513",
"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30826-7"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.8b01452",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1110837705"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
}
],
"datePublished": "2019-12",
"datePublishedReg": "2019-12-01",
"description": "Achieving long-term stability in organic solar cells is a remaining bottleneck for the commercialization of this otherwise highly appealing technology. In this work, we study the performance and stability differences in standard and inverted DBP/C70 based organic solar cells. Differences in the charge-transfer state properties of inverted and standard configuration DBP/C70 solar cells are revealed by sensitive external quantum efficiency measurements, leading to differences in the open-circuit voltages of the devices. The degradation of standard and inverted solar cell configurations at ISOS aging test conditions (ISOS-D-3 and ISOS-T-3) was investigated and compared. The results indicate that the performance drop in the small molecule bilayer solar cells is less related to changes at the D-A interface, suggesting also a pronounced morphological stability, and instead, in the case of inverted cells, dominated by degradation at the electron transport layer (ETL) bathocuproine (BCP). Photoluminescence measurements, electron-only-device characteristics, and stability measurements show improved exciton blocking, electron transport properties and a higher stability for BCP/Ag ETL stacks, giving rise to inverted devices with enhanced performance and device stability.",
"genre": "research_article",
"id": "sg:pub.10.1038/s41598-019-40541-6",
"inLanguage": [
"en"
],
"isAccessibleForFree": true,
"isFundedItemOf": [
{
"id": "sg:grant.3790837",
"type": "MonetaryGrant"
}
],
"isPartOf": [
{
"id": "sg:journal.1045337",
"issn": [
"2045-2322"
],
"name": "Scientific Reports",
"type": "Periodical"
},
{
"issueNumber": "1",
"type": "PublicationIssue"
},
{
"type": "PublicationVolume",
"volumeNumber": "9"
}
],
"name": "Degradation pathways in standard and inverted DBP-C70 based organic solar cells",
"pagination": "4024",
"productId": [
{
"name": "readcube_id",
"type": "PropertyValue",
"value": [
"5aa7ecce8fcddcbf01e523ca141d1d1668a9fe6f2c3a60f405bdb359a62f6d5e"
]
},
{
"name": "pubmed_id",
"type": "PropertyValue",
"value": [
"30858539"
]
},
{
"name": "nlm_unique_id",
"type": "PropertyValue",
"value": [
"101563288"
]
},
{
"name": "doi",
"type": "PropertyValue",
"value": [
"10.1038/s41598-019-40541-6"
]
},
{
"name": "dimensions_id",
"type": "PropertyValue",
"value": [
"pub.1112675903"
]
}
],
"sameAs": [
"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40541-6",
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1112675903"
],
"sdDataset": "articles",
"sdDatePublished": "2019-04-11T13:21",
"sdLicense": "https://scigraph.springernature.com/explorer/license/",
"sdPublisher": {
"name": "Springer Nature - SN SciGraph project",
"type": "Organization"
},
"sdSource": "s3://com-uberresearch-data-dimensions-target-20181106-alternative/cleanup/v134/2549eaecd7973599484d7c17b260dba0a4ecb94b/merge/v9/a6c9fde33151104705d4d7ff012ea9563521a3ce/jats-lookup/v90/0000000368_0000000368/records_78974_00000001.jsonl",
"type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40541-6"
}
]Download the RDF metadata as: json-ld nt turtle xml License info
JSON-LD is a popular format for linked data which is fully compatible with JSON.
curl -H 'Accept: application/ld+json' 'https://scigraph.springernature.com/pub.10.1038/s41598-019-40541-6'
N-Triples is a line-based linked data format ideal for batch operations.
curl -H 'Accept: application/n-triples' 'https://scigraph.springernature.com/pub.10.1038/s41598-019-40541-6'
Turtle is a human-readable linked data format.
curl -H 'Accept: text/turtle' 'https://scigraph.springernature.com/pub.10.1038/s41598-019-40541-6'
RDF/XML is a standard XML format for linked data.
curl -H 'Accept: application/rdf+xml' 'https://scigraph.springernature.com/pub.10.1038/s41598-019-40541-6'
This table displays all metadata directly associated to this object as RDF triples.
307 TRIPLES
21 PREDICATES
90 URIs
21 LITERALS
9 BLANK NODES