Ontology type: schema:ScholarlyArticle Open Access: True
2021-03-30
AUTHORSBin Yang, Aigen Li, Martin A. Cordiner, Chin-Shin Chang, Olivier R. Hainaut, Jonathan P. Williams, Karen J. Meech, Jacqueline V. Keane, Eric Villard
ABSTRACTThe interstellar traveller, 2I/Borisov, is the first clearly active extrasolar comet ever detected in our Solar System. We obtained high-resolution interferometric observations of 2I/Borisov with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and multi-colour optical observations with the Very Large Telescope (VLT) to gain a comprehensive understanding of the dust properties of this comet. We found that the dust coma of 2I/Borisov consists of compact ‘pebbles’ of radii exceeding ~1 mm, suggesting that the dust particles have experienced compaction through mutual impacts during the bouncing collision phase in the protoplanetary disk. We derived a dust mass-loss rate of ≳200 kg s−1 and a dust-to-gas ratio ≳3. Our long-term monitoring of 2I/Borisov with the VLT indicates a steady dust mass-loss with no significant dust fragmentation and/or sublimation occurring in the coma. We also detected emissions from carbon monoxide (CO) gas with ALMA and derived the gas production rate of Q(CO) = (3.3 ± 0.8) × 1026 s−1. We found that the CO/H2O mixing ratio of 2I/Borisov changed drastically before and after perihelion, indicating the heterogeneity of the cometary nucleus, with components formed at different locations beyond the volatile snow-line with different chemical abundances. Our observations suggest that 2I/Borisov’s home system, much like our own system, experienced efficient radial mixing from the innermost parts of its protoplanetary disk to beyond the frost line of CO. More... »
PAGES586-593
http://scigraph.springernature.com/pub.10.1038/s41550-021-01336-w
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41550-021-01336-w
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