Ontology type: schema:ScholarlyArticle
2002-01
AUTHORSLawrence C. Katz, Justin C. Crowley
ABSTRACTKey Points Neuronal development is divided into a sequence of events that leads from the initial specification of neuronal cell fate to the emergence of adult circuits. The initial organization of neural circuits relies on molecular cues that guide axons to generally appropriate regions, but the final specification of patterned connections is widely held to depend on patterns of neuronal activity generated by circuits that are intrinsic to the developing brain, or by early experience. In the central nervous system, much of this sculpting of neuronal connections is thought to occur during 'critical periods', when circuits are particularly susceptible to external sensory inputs. Despite the powerful appeal of this model, and the experimental support that accumulated over several decades, recent findings indicate that some of the assumptions underlying the conventional formulation might need to be revised. Hubel and Wiesel described ocular dominance columns in the early 1960s, noting that in the cat primary visual cortex, cells with similar eye preference were grouped together into columns, and eye dominance shifted periodically across the cortex. They distinguished between the innate mechanisms guiding the initial formation of cortical functional architecture, and the experience-dependent, competition-based mechanisms responsible for later modification during the critical period. A substantial alteration in this formulation occurred when transneuronal transport techniques made it possible to directly visualize ocular dominance columns. It was suggested that the precise organization of columns in layer 4 was not innately specified, but was gradually moulded by correlation-based synaptic competition. Early work in macaque monkeys indicated that thalamocortical afferents are arranged into functional columns by the time of birth. Retinal waves — spontaneously generated, correlated patterns of activity that course across the neonatal retina — could provide the patterns of activity necessary to segregate thalamic afferents in the cortex. However, if both eyes are removed before the layers in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) have segregated, columns of layer-specific LGN afferents still form in the cortex, perhaps indicating a role for correlated activity in the LGN. Stryker and Harris used tetrodotoxin to block retinal activity in cats from postnatal day 14 (P14) to P45. In treated animals, there was no evidence of segregated columns at P45, indicating that blocking retinal activity prevented the normal activity-driven competition that should have resulted in segregation. However, it is now clear that geniculocortical afferents are already segregated by P14, so the activity blockade probably desegregated columns that were already present. A model emerges in which columns form well before the critical period and with limited production of exuberant projections. During this initial stage, ocular dominance columns do not seem to respond to changes in activity as predicted by simple Hebbian rules. The main role of visual experience during the critical period might be to reinforce and augment an already appropriately situated set of basic connections, rather than to instruct their de novo formation. To unravel how, or whether, activity cues and molecular patterning information interact to drive column formation will require a leap of faith that such patterning information actually exists. Some 40 years after Hubel and Wiesel suggested innate mechanisms for the development of cortical functional architecture, an intriguing system of specification remains to be fully elucidated. More... »
PAGES34-42
http://scigraph.springernature.com/pub.10.1038/nrn703
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn703
DIMENSIONShttps://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1044634920
PUBMEDhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11823803
JSON-LD is the canonical representation for SciGraph data.
TIP: You can open this SciGraph record using an external JSON-LD service: JSON-LD Playground Google SDTT
[
{
"@context": "https://springernature.github.io/scigraph/jsonld/sgcontext.json",
"about": [
{
"id": "http://purl.org/au-research/vocabulary/anzsrc-for/2008/11",
"inDefinedTermSet": "http://purl.org/au-research/vocabulary/anzsrc-for/2008/",
"name": "Medical and Health Sciences",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"id": "http://purl.org/au-research/vocabulary/anzsrc-for/2008/1109",
"inDefinedTermSet": "http://purl.org/au-research/vocabulary/anzsrc-for/2008/",
"name": "Neurosciences",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Animals",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Dominance, Ocular",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Models, Biological",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Retina",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Thalamus",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Visual Cortex",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Visual Pathways",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Visual Perception",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
}
],
"author": [
{
"affiliation": {
"alternateName": "Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Box 3209, Duke University Medical Center, 27710, Durham, North Carolina, USA",
"id": "http://www.grid.ac/institutes/grid.413575.1",
"name": [
"Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Box 3209, Duke University Medical Center, 27710, Durham, North Carolina, USA"
],
"type": "Organization"
},
"familyName": "Katz",
"givenName": "Lawrence C.",
"id": "sg:person.015245417152.77",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?and_facet_researcher=ur.015245417152.77"
],
"type": "Person"
},
{
"affiliation": {
"alternateName": "Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Box 3209, Duke University Medical Center, 27710, Durham, North Carolina, USA",
"id": "http://www.grid.ac/institutes/grid.413575.1",
"name": [
"Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Box 3209, Duke University Medical Center, 27710, Durham, North Carolina, USA"
],
"type": "Organization"
},
"familyName": "Crowley",
"givenName": "Justin C.",
"id": "sg:person.01257161714.60",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?and_facet_researcher=ur.01257161714.60"
],
"type": "Person"
}
],
"citation": [
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1038/386680a0",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1022283079",
"https://doi.org/10.1038/386680a0"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1038/261467a0",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1051740714",
"https://doi.org/10.1038/261467a0"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1038/336468a0",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1037744138",
"https://doi.org/10.1038/336468a0"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1038/367637a0",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1038060448",
"https://doi.org/10.1038/367637a0"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1038/7263",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1016634367",
"https://doi.org/10.1038/7263"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1038/16051",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1042728470",
"https://doi.org/10.1038/16051"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1007/978-3-642-81055-8_88",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1089778222",
"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-81055-8_88"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1038/35021059",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1016384959",
"https://doi.org/10.1038/35021059"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1038/35067562",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1049923360",
"https://doi.org/10.1038/35067562"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1038/299583a0",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1038499899",
"https://doi.org/10.1038/299583a0"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1038/374716a0",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1026103523",
"https://doi.org/10.1038/374716a0"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1038/35004582",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1004813540",
"https://doi.org/10.1038/35004582"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
}
],
"datePublished": "2002-01",
"datePublishedReg": "2002-01-01",
"description": "Key Points Neuronal development is divided into a sequence of events that leads from the initial specification of neuronal cell fate to the emergence of adult circuits. The initial organization of neural circuits relies on molecular cues that guide axons to generally appropriate regions, but the final specification of patterned connections is widely held to depend on patterns of neuronal activity generated by circuits that are intrinsic to the developing brain, or by early experience. In the central nervous system, much of this sculpting of neuronal connections is thought to occur during 'critical periods', when circuits are particularly susceptible to external sensory inputs. Despite the powerful appeal of this model, and the experimental support that accumulated over several decades, recent findings indicate that some of the assumptions underlying the conventional formulation might need to be revised. Hubel and Wiesel described ocular dominance columns in the early 1960s, noting that in the cat primary visual cortex, cells with similar eye preference were grouped together into columns, and eye dominance shifted periodically across the cortex. They distinguished between the innate mechanisms guiding the initial formation of cortical functional architecture, and the experience-dependent, competition-based mechanisms responsible for later modification during the critical period. A substantial alteration in this formulation occurred when transneuronal transport techniques made it possible to directly visualize ocular dominance columns. It was suggested that the precise organization of columns in layer 4 was not innately specified, but was gradually moulded by correlation-based synaptic competition. Early work in macaque monkeys indicated that thalamocortical afferents are arranged into functional columns by the time of birth. Retinal waves \u2014 spontaneously generated, correlated patterns of activity that course across the neonatal retina \u2014 could provide the patterns of activity necessary to segregate thalamic afferents in the cortex. However, if both eyes are removed before the layers in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) have segregated, columns of layer-specific LGN afferents still form in the cortex, perhaps indicating a role for correlated activity in the LGN. Stryker and Harris used tetrodotoxin to block retinal activity in cats from postnatal day 14 (P14) to P45. In treated animals, there was no evidence of segregated columns at P45, indicating that blocking retinal activity prevented the normal activity-driven competition that should have resulted in segregation. However, it is now clear that geniculocortical afferents are already segregated by P14, so the activity blockade probably desegregated columns that were already present. A model emerges in which columns form well before the critical period and with limited production of exuberant projections. During this initial stage, ocular dominance columns do not seem to respond to changes in activity as predicted by simple Hebbian rules. The main role of visual experience during the critical period might be to reinforce and augment an already appropriately situated set of basic connections, rather than to instruct their de novo formation. To unravel how, or whether, activity cues and molecular patterning information interact to drive column formation will require a leap of faith that such patterning information actually exists. Some 40 years after Hubel and Wiesel suggested innate mechanisms for the development of cortical functional architecture, an intriguing system of specification remains to be fully elucidated.",
"genre": "article",
"id": "sg:pub.10.1038/nrn703",
"isAccessibleForFree": false,
"isPartOf": [
{
"id": "sg:journal.1023608",
"issn": [
"1471-003X",
"1471-0048"
],
"name": "Nature Reviews Neuroscience",
"publisher": "Springer Nature",
"type": "Periodical"
},
{
"issueNumber": "1",
"type": "PublicationIssue"
},
{
"type": "PublicationVolume",
"volumeNumber": "3"
}
],
"keywords": [
"lateral geniculate nucleus",
"ocular dominance columns",
"cortical functional architecture",
"retinal activity",
"cat primary visual cortex",
"critical period",
"patterns of activity",
"innate mechanisms",
"postnatal day 14",
"central nervous system",
"primary visual cortex",
"time of birth",
"LGN afferents",
"thalamocortical afferents",
"thalamic afferents",
"neuronal cell fate",
"retinal waves",
"geniculocortical afferents",
"activity blockade",
"neonatal retina",
"exuberant projections",
"geniculate nucleus",
"adult circuits",
"neuronal activity",
"cortical circuits",
"nervous system",
"eye preference",
"neuronal connections",
"eye dominance",
"day 14",
"visual cortex",
"macaque monkeys",
"afferents",
"functional columns",
"neural circuits",
"cortex",
"synaptic competition",
"neuronal development",
"layer 4",
"external sensory input",
"correlated activity",
"sensory input",
"molecular cues",
"early experience",
"simple Hebbian rule",
"patterned connections",
"recent findings",
"Hubel",
"functional architecture",
"substantial alterations",
"de novo formation",
"P45",
"period",
"visual experience",
"sequence of events",
"tetrodotoxin",
"blockade",
"activity",
"axons",
"retina",
"brain",
"novo formation",
"conventional formulation",
"Wiesel",
"birth",
"P14",
"monkeys",
"cats",
"activity cues",
"precise organization",
"eyes",
"alterations",
"role",
"animals",
"cell fate",
"mechanism",
"cells",
"experience",
"patterns",
"years",
"appropriate region",
"findings",
"competition-based mechanism",
"development",
"initial organization",
"course",
"evidence",
"Stryker",
"main role",
"column formation",
"Hebbian rule",
"nucleus",
"cues",
"experimental support",
"events",
"transport technique",
"changes",
"stage",
"limited production",
"information",
"support",
"later modifications",
"initial stage",
"time",
"formation",
"decades",
"projections",
"production",
"organization",
"model",
"fate",
"early 1960s",
"modification",
"connection",
"preferences",
"emergence",
"sculpting",
"formulation",
"segregated columns",
"region",
"system",
"technique",
"circuit",
"lessons",
"column",
"leap of faith",
"sequence",
"initial specification",
"initial formation",
"Harris",
"powerful appeal",
"dominance",
"input",
"key",
"leap",
"work",
"earlier work",
"competition",
"final specification",
"appeal",
"waves",
"segregation",
"set",
"layer",
"intriguing system",
"faith",
"architecture",
"specification",
"basic connections",
"assumption",
"rules"
],
"name": "Development of cortical circuits: Lessons from ocular dominance columns",
"pagination": "34-42",
"productId": [
{
"name": "dimensions_id",
"type": "PropertyValue",
"value": [
"pub.1044634920"
]
},
{
"name": "doi",
"type": "PropertyValue",
"value": [
"10.1038/nrn703"
]
},
{
"name": "pubmed_id",
"type": "PropertyValue",
"value": [
"11823803"
]
}
],
"sameAs": [
"https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn703",
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1044634920"
],
"sdDataset": "articles",
"sdDatePublished": "2022-08-04T16:55",
"sdLicense": "https://scigraph.springernature.com/explorer/license/",
"sdPublisher": {
"name": "Springer Nature - SN SciGraph project",
"type": "Organization"
},
"sdSource": "s3://com-springernature-scigraph/baseset/20220804/entities/gbq_results/article/article_361.jsonl",
"type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn703"
}
]
Download the RDF metadata as: json-ld nt turtle xml License info
JSON-LD is a popular format for linked data which is fully compatible with JSON.
curl -H 'Accept: application/ld+json' 'https://scigraph.springernature.com/pub.10.1038/nrn703'
N-Triples is a line-based linked data format ideal for batch operations.
curl -H 'Accept: application/n-triples' 'https://scigraph.springernature.com/pub.10.1038/nrn703'
Turtle is a human-readable linked data format.
curl -H 'Accept: text/turtle' 'https://scigraph.springernature.com/pub.10.1038/nrn703'
RDF/XML is a standard XML format for linked data.
curl -H 'Accept: application/rdf+xml' 'https://scigraph.springernature.com/pub.10.1038/nrn703'
This table displays all metadata directly associated to this object as RDF triples.
299 TRIPLES
21 PREDICATES
197 URIs
177 LITERALS
15 BLANK NODES
Subject | Predicate | Object | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | sg:pub.10.1038/nrn703 | schema:about | N190fb8f6774844e2ade3f38dc838cdec |
2 | ″ | ″ | N27b0875b5d88444c98307758c11ff53d |
3 | ″ | ″ | N2f2871efd91b4a6a8368fbaec90b137f |
4 | ″ | ″ | N6ca3770415a04008a6bececa70f36a5f |
5 | ″ | ″ | N8449c01a8fc94924b4e1b199ff858e83 |
6 | ″ | ″ | N87871c44e9b843948f3289003c62bbc3 |
7 | ″ | ″ | N9585f4f96e104ff4a632c958673f10ce |
8 | ″ | ″ | Nc5af5f0974be4f0086533dbda002dafa |
9 | ″ | ″ | anzsrc-for:11 |
10 | ″ | ″ | anzsrc-for:1109 |
11 | ″ | schema:author | N9d8ec5d14bfd4e6a90650c2e7d86207c |
12 | ″ | schema:citation | sg:pub.10.1007/978-3-642-81055-8_88 |
13 | ″ | ″ | sg:pub.10.1038/16051 |
14 | ″ | ″ | sg:pub.10.1038/261467a0 |
15 | ″ | ″ | sg:pub.10.1038/299583a0 |
16 | ″ | ″ | sg:pub.10.1038/336468a0 |
17 | ″ | ″ | sg:pub.10.1038/35004582 |
18 | ″ | ″ | sg:pub.10.1038/35021059 |
19 | ″ | ″ | sg:pub.10.1038/35067562 |
20 | ″ | ″ | sg:pub.10.1038/367637a0 |
21 | ″ | ″ | sg:pub.10.1038/374716a0 |
22 | ″ | ″ | sg:pub.10.1038/386680a0 |
23 | ″ | ″ | sg:pub.10.1038/7263 |
24 | ″ | schema:datePublished | 2002-01 |
25 | ″ | schema:datePublishedReg | 2002-01-01 |
26 | ″ | schema:description | Key Points Neuronal development is divided into a sequence of events that leads from the initial specification of neuronal cell fate to the emergence of adult circuits. The initial organization of neural circuits relies on molecular cues that guide axons to generally appropriate regions, but the final specification of patterned connections is widely held to depend on patterns of neuronal activity generated by circuits that are intrinsic to the developing brain, or by early experience. In the central nervous system, much of this sculpting of neuronal connections is thought to occur during 'critical periods', when circuits are particularly susceptible to external sensory inputs. Despite the powerful appeal of this model, and the experimental support that accumulated over several decades, recent findings indicate that some of the assumptions underlying the conventional formulation might need to be revised. Hubel and Wiesel described ocular dominance columns in the early 1960s, noting that in the cat primary visual cortex, cells with similar eye preference were grouped together into columns, and eye dominance shifted periodically across the cortex. They distinguished between the innate mechanisms guiding the initial formation of cortical functional architecture, and the experience-dependent, competition-based mechanisms responsible for later modification during the critical period. A substantial alteration in this formulation occurred when transneuronal transport techniques made it possible to directly visualize ocular dominance columns. It was suggested that the precise organization of columns in layer 4 was not innately specified, but was gradually moulded by correlation-based synaptic competition. Early work in macaque monkeys indicated that thalamocortical afferents are arranged into functional columns by the time of birth. Retinal waves — spontaneously generated, correlated patterns of activity that course across the neonatal retina — could provide the patterns of activity necessary to segregate thalamic afferents in the cortex. However, if both eyes are removed before the layers in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) have segregated, columns of layer-specific LGN afferents still form in the cortex, perhaps indicating a role for correlated activity in the LGN. Stryker and Harris used tetrodotoxin to block retinal activity in cats from postnatal day 14 (P14) to P45. In treated animals, there was no evidence of segregated columns at P45, indicating that blocking retinal activity prevented the normal activity-driven competition that should have resulted in segregation. However, it is now clear that geniculocortical afferents are already segregated by P14, so the activity blockade probably desegregated columns that were already present. A model emerges in which columns form well before the critical period and with limited production of exuberant projections. During this initial stage, ocular dominance columns do not seem to respond to changes in activity as predicted by simple Hebbian rules. The main role of visual experience during the critical period might be to reinforce and augment an already appropriately situated set of basic connections, rather than to instruct their de novo formation. To unravel how, or whether, activity cues and molecular patterning information interact to drive column formation will require a leap of faith that such patterning information actually exists. Some 40 years after Hubel and Wiesel suggested innate mechanisms for the development of cortical functional architecture, an intriguing system of specification remains to be fully elucidated. |
27 | ″ | schema:genre | article |
28 | ″ | schema:isAccessibleForFree | false |
29 | ″ | schema:isPartOf | N44c5da916fdb47c997e2e1d2bfe34a81 |
30 | ″ | ″ | Nff94da3e695e45b7ad87f771027cf9e6 |
31 | ″ | ″ | sg:journal.1023608 |
32 | ″ | schema:keywords | Harris |
33 | ″ | ″ | Hebbian rule |
34 | ″ | ″ | Hubel |
35 | ″ | ″ | LGN afferents |
36 | ″ | ″ | P14 |
37 | ″ | ″ | P45 |
38 | ″ | ″ | Stryker |
39 | ″ | ″ | Wiesel |
40 | ″ | ″ | activity |
41 | ″ | ″ | activity blockade |
42 | ″ | ″ | activity cues |
43 | ″ | ″ | adult circuits |
44 | ″ | ″ | afferents |
45 | ″ | ″ | alterations |
46 | ″ | ″ | animals |
47 | ″ | ″ | appeal |
48 | ″ | ″ | appropriate region |
49 | ″ | ″ | architecture |
50 | ″ | ″ | assumption |
51 | ″ | ″ | axons |
52 | ″ | ″ | basic connections |
53 | ″ | ″ | birth |
54 | ″ | ″ | blockade |
55 | ″ | ″ | brain |
56 | ″ | ″ | cat primary visual cortex |
57 | ″ | ″ | cats |
58 | ″ | ″ | cell fate |
59 | ″ | ″ | cells |
60 | ″ | ″ | central nervous system |
61 | ″ | ″ | changes |
62 | ″ | ″ | circuit |
63 | ″ | ″ | column |
64 | ″ | ″ | column formation |
65 | ″ | ″ | competition |
66 | ″ | ″ | competition-based mechanism |
67 | ″ | ″ | connection |
68 | ″ | ″ | conventional formulation |
69 | ″ | ″ | correlated activity |
70 | ″ | ″ | cortex |
71 | ″ | ″ | cortical circuits |
72 | ″ | ″ | cortical functional architecture |
73 | ″ | ″ | course |
74 | ″ | ″ | critical period |
75 | ″ | ″ | cues |
76 | ″ | ″ | day 14 |
77 | ″ | ″ | de novo formation |
78 | ″ | ″ | decades |
79 | ″ | ″ | development |
80 | ″ | ″ | dominance |
81 | ″ | ″ | earlier work |
82 | ″ | ″ | early 1960s |
83 | ″ | ″ | early experience |
84 | ″ | ″ | emergence |
85 | ″ | ″ | events |
86 | ″ | ″ | evidence |
87 | ″ | ″ | experience |
88 | ″ | ″ | experimental support |
89 | ″ | ″ | external sensory input |
90 | ″ | ″ | exuberant projections |
91 | ″ | ″ | eye dominance |
92 | ″ | ″ | eye preference |
93 | ″ | ″ | eyes |
94 | ″ | ″ | faith |
95 | ″ | ″ | fate |
96 | ″ | ″ | final specification |
97 | ″ | ″ | findings |
98 | ″ | ″ | formation |
99 | ″ | ″ | formulation |
100 | ″ | ″ | functional architecture |
101 | ″ | ″ | functional columns |
102 | ″ | ″ | geniculate nucleus |
103 | ″ | ″ | geniculocortical afferents |
104 | ″ | ″ | information |
105 | ″ | ″ | initial formation |
106 | ″ | ″ | initial organization |
107 | ″ | ″ | initial specification |
108 | ″ | ″ | initial stage |
109 | ″ | ″ | innate mechanisms |
110 | ″ | ″ | input |
111 | ″ | ″ | intriguing system |
112 | ″ | ″ | key |
113 | ″ | ″ | later modifications |
114 | ″ | ″ | lateral geniculate nucleus |
115 | ″ | ″ | layer |
116 | ″ | ″ | layer 4 |
117 | ″ | ″ | leap |
118 | ″ | ″ | leap of faith |
119 | ″ | ″ | lessons |
120 | ″ | ″ | limited production |
121 | ″ | ″ | macaque monkeys |
122 | ″ | ″ | main role |
123 | ″ | ″ | mechanism |
124 | ″ | ″ | model |
125 | ″ | ″ | modification |
126 | ″ | ″ | molecular cues |
127 | ″ | ″ | monkeys |
128 | ″ | ″ | neonatal retina |
129 | ″ | ″ | nervous system |
130 | ″ | ″ | neural circuits |
131 | ″ | ″ | neuronal activity |
132 | ″ | ″ | neuronal cell fate |
133 | ″ | ″ | neuronal connections |
134 | ″ | ″ | neuronal development |
135 | ″ | ″ | novo formation |
136 | ″ | ″ | nucleus |
137 | ″ | ″ | ocular dominance columns |
138 | ″ | ″ | organization |
139 | ″ | ″ | patterned connections |
140 | ″ | ″ | patterns |
141 | ″ | ″ | patterns of activity |
142 | ″ | ″ | period |
143 | ″ | ″ | postnatal day 14 |
144 | ″ | ″ | powerful appeal |
145 | ″ | ″ | precise organization |
146 | ″ | ″ | preferences |
147 | ″ | ″ | primary visual cortex |
148 | ″ | ″ | production |
149 | ″ | ″ | projections |
150 | ″ | ″ | recent findings |
151 | ″ | ″ | region |
152 | ″ | ″ | retina |
153 | ″ | ″ | retinal activity |
154 | ″ | ″ | retinal waves |
155 | ″ | ″ | role |
156 | ″ | ″ | rules |
157 | ″ | ″ | sculpting |
158 | ″ | ″ | segregated columns |
159 | ″ | ″ | segregation |
160 | ″ | ″ | sensory input |
161 | ″ | ″ | sequence |
162 | ″ | ″ | sequence of events |
163 | ″ | ″ | set |
164 | ″ | ″ | simple Hebbian rule |
165 | ″ | ″ | specification |
166 | ″ | ″ | stage |
167 | ″ | ″ | substantial alterations |
168 | ″ | ″ | support |
169 | ″ | ″ | synaptic competition |
170 | ″ | ″ | system |
171 | ″ | ″ | technique |
172 | ″ | ″ | tetrodotoxin |
173 | ″ | ″ | thalamic afferents |
174 | ″ | ″ | thalamocortical afferents |
175 | ″ | ″ | time |
176 | ″ | ″ | time of birth |
177 | ″ | ″ | transport technique |
178 | ″ | ″ | visual cortex |
179 | ″ | ″ | visual experience |
180 | ″ | ″ | waves |
181 | ″ | ″ | work |
182 | ″ | ″ | years |
183 | ″ | schema:name | Development of cortical circuits: Lessons from ocular dominance columns |
184 | ″ | schema:pagination | 34-42 |
185 | ″ | schema:productId | N7a36f230442446d4a588425e0a2fbcbd |
186 | ″ | ″ | N92feade74c054d34b350a7316f35efcf |
187 | ″ | ″ | Nf6d900236a8642df855183809e66635e |
188 | ″ | schema:sameAs | https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1044634920 |
189 | ″ | ″ | https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn703 |
190 | ″ | schema:sdDatePublished | 2022-08-04T16:55 |
191 | ″ | schema:sdLicense | https://scigraph.springernature.com/explorer/license/ |
192 | ″ | schema:sdPublisher | Na6b0db528526407b89b9b92692d38ec9 |
193 | ″ | schema:url | https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn703 |
194 | ″ | sgo:license | sg:explorer/license/ |
195 | ″ | sgo:sdDataset | articles |
196 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:ScholarlyArticle |
197 | N190fb8f6774844e2ade3f38dc838cdec | schema:inDefinedTermSet | https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/ |
198 | ″ | schema:name | Models, Biological |
199 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:DefinedTerm |
200 | N27b0875b5d88444c98307758c11ff53d | schema:inDefinedTermSet | https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/ |
201 | ″ | schema:name | Dominance, Ocular |
202 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:DefinedTerm |
203 | N2f2871efd91b4a6a8368fbaec90b137f | schema:inDefinedTermSet | https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/ |
204 | ″ | schema:name | Visual Perception |
205 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:DefinedTerm |
206 | N44c5da916fdb47c997e2e1d2bfe34a81 | schema:volumeNumber | 3 |
207 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:PublicationVolume |
208 | N6ca3770415a04008a6bececa70f36a5f | schema:inDefinedTermSet | https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/ |
209 | ″ | schema:name | Thalamus |
210 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:DefinedTerm |
211 | N7a36f230442446d4a588425e0a2fbcbd | schema:name | dimensions_id |
212 | ″ | schema:value | pub.1044634920 |
213 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:PropertyValue |
214 | N8449c01a8fc94924b4e1b199ff858e83 | schema:inDefinedTermSet | https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/ |
215 | ″ | schema:name | Retina |
216 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:DefinedTerm |
217 | N87871c44e9b843948f3289003c62bbc3 | schema:inDefinedTermSet | https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/ |
218 | ″ | schema:name | Visual Cortex |
219 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:DefinedTerm |
220 | N92feade74c054d34b350a7316f35efcf | schema:name | pubmed_id |
221 | ″ | schema:value | 11823803 |
222 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:PropertyValue |
223 | N9585f4f96e104ff4a632c958673f10ce | schema:inDefinedTermSet | https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/ |
224 | ″ | schema:name | Visual Pathways |
225 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:DefinedTerm |
226 | N9d8ec5d14bfd4e6a90650c2e7d86207c | rdf:first | sg:person.015245417152.77 |
227 | ″ | rdf:rest | N9fb47307e7bd490fb8c5072878eb0f23 |
228 | N9fb47307e7bd490fb8c5072878eb0f23 | rdf:first | sg:person.01257161714.60 |
229 | ″ | rdf:rest | rdf:nil |
230 | Na6b0db528526407b89b9b92692d38ec9 | schema:name | Springer Nature - SN SciGraph project |
231 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:Organization |
232 | Nc5af5f0974be4f0086533dbda002dafa | schema:inDefinedTermSet | https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/ |
233 | ″ | schema:name | Animals |
234 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:DefinedTerm |
235 | Nf6d900236a8642df855183809e66635e | schema:name | doi |
236 | ″ | schema:value | 10.1038/nrn703 |
237 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:PropertyValue |
238 | Nff94da3e695e45b7ad87f771027cf9e6 | schema:issueNumber | 1 |
239 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:PublicationIssue |
240 | anzsrc-for:11 | schema:inDefinedTermSet | anzsrc-for: |
241 | ″ | schema:name | Medical and Health Sciences |
242 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:DefinedTerm |
243 | anzsrc-for:1109 | schema:inDefinedTermSet | anzsrc-for: |
244 | ″ | schema:name | Neurosciences |
245 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:DefinedTerm |
246 | sg:journal.1023608 | schema:issn | 1471-003X |
247 | ″ | ″ | 1471-0048 |
248 | ″ | schema:name | Nature Reviews Neuroscience |
249 | ″ | schema:publisher | Springer Nature |
250 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:Periodical |
251 | sg:person.01257161714.60 | schema:affiliation | grid-institutes:grid.413575.1 |
252 | ″ | schema:familyName | Crowley |
253 | ″ | schema:givenName | Justin C. |
254 | ″ | schema:sameAs | https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?and_facet_researcher=ur.01257161714.60 |
255 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:Person |
256 | sg:person.015245417152.77 | schema:affiliation | grid-institutes:grid.413575.1 |
257 | ″ | schema:familyName | Katz |
258 | ″ | schema:givenName | Lawrence C. |
259 | ″ | schema:sameAs | https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?and_facet_researcher=ur.015245417152.77 |
260 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:Person |
261 | sg:pub.10.1007/978-3-642-81055-8_88 | schema:sameAs | https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1089778222 |
262 | ″ | ″ | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-81055-8_88 |
263 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:CreativeWork |
264 | sg:pub.10.1038/16051 | schema:sameAs | https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1042728470 |
265 | ″ | ″ | https://doi.org/10.1038/16051 |
266 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:CreativeWork |
267 | sg:pub.10.1038/261467a0 | schema:sameAs | https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1051740714 |
268 | ″ | ″ | https://doi.org/10.1038/261467a0 |
269 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:CreativeWork |
270 | sg:pub.10.1038/299583a0 | schema:sameAs | https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1038499899 |
271 | ″ | ″ | https://doi.org/10.1038/299583a0 |
272 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:CreativeWork |
273 | sg:pub.10.1038/336468a0 | schema:sameAs | https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1037744138 |
274 | ″ | ″ | https://doi.org/10.1038/336468a0 |
275 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:CreativeWork |
276 | sg:pub.10.1038/35004582 | schema:sameAs | https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1004813540 |
277 | ″ | ″ | https://doi.org/10.1038/35004582 |
278 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:CreativeWork |
279 | sg:pub.10.1038/35021059 | schema:sameAs | https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1016384959 |
280 | ″ | ″ | https://doi.org/10.1038/35021059 |
281 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:CreativeWork |
282 | sg:pub.10.1038/35067562 | schema:sameAs | https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1049923360 |
283 | ″ | ″ | https://doi.org/10.1038/35067562 |
284 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:CreativeWork |
285 | sg:pub.10.1038/367637a0 | schema:sameAs | https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1038060448 |
286 | ″ | ″ | https://doi.org/10.1038/367637a0 |
287 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:CreativeWork |
288 | sg:pub.10.1038/374716a0 | schema:sameAs | https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1026103523 |
289 | ″ | ″ | https://doi.org/10.1038/374716a0 |
290 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:CreativeWork |
291 | sg:pub.10.1038/386680a0 | schema:sameAs | https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1022283079 |
292 | ″ | ″ | https://doi.org/10.1038/386680a0 |
293 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:CreativeWork |
294 | sg:pub.10.1038/7263 | schema:sameAs | https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1016634367 |
295 | ″ | ″ | https://doi.org/10.1038/7263 |
296 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:CreativeWork |
297 | grid-institutes:grid.413575.1 | schema:alternateName | Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Box 3209, Duke University Medical Center, 27710, Durham, North Carolina, USA |
298 | ″ | schema:name | Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Box 3209, Duke University Medical Center, 27710, Durham, North Carolina, USA |
299 | ″ | rdf:type | schema:Organization |