Ontology type: schema:ScholarlyArticle
1997-05
AUTHORSAlan S. Perelson, Paulina Essunger, Yunzhen Cao, Mika Vesanen, Arlene Hurley, Kalle Saksela, Martin Markowitz, David D. Ho
ABSTRACTAnalysis of changes in viral load after initiation of treatment with potent antiretroviral agents has provided substantial insight into the dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)1–3. The concentration of HIV-1 in plasma drops by ∼99% in the first two weeks of treatment owing to the rapid elimination of free virus with a half-life (t1/2) of ≤6 hours and loss of productively infected cells with a t1/2 of 1.6 days3. Here we show that with combination therapy this initial decrease is followed by a slower second-phase decay of plasma viraemia. Detailed mathematical analysis shows that the loss of long-lived infected cells (t1/2of1–4weeks) is a major contributor to the second phase, whereas the activation of latently infected lymphocytes (t1/2 of 0.5–2 weeks) is only a minor source. Based on these decay characteristics, we estimate that 2.3–3.1 years of a completely inhibitory treatment would be required to eliminate HIV-1 from these compartments. To eradicate HIV-1 completely, even longer treatment may be needed because of the possible existence of undetected viral compartments or sanctuary sites. More... »
PAGES188-191
http://scigraph.springernature.com/pub.10.1038/387188a0
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/387188a0
DIMENSIONShttps://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1026180202
PUBMEDhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9144290
JSON-LD is the canonical representation for SciGraph data.
TIP: You can open this SciGraph record using an external JSON-LD service: JSON-LD Playground Google SDTT
[
{
"@context": "https://springernature.github.io/scigraph/jsonld/sgcontext.json",
"about": [
{
"id": "http://purl.org/au-research/vocabulary/anzsrc-for/2008/11",
"inDefinedTermSet": "http://purl.org/au-research/vocabulary/anzsrc-for/2008/",
"name": "Medical and Health Sciences",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"id": "http://purl.org/au-research/vocabulary/anzsrc-for/2008/1108",
"inDefinedTermSet": "http://purl.org/au-research/vocabulary/anzsrc-for/2008/",
"name": "Medical Microbiology",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Anti-HIV Agents",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Drug Therapy, Combination",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "HIV Infections",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "HIV Protease Inhibitors",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "HIV-1",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Half-Life",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Humans",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Isoquinolines",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Lamivudine",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Leukocytes, Mononuclear",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Macrophages",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Mathematics",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Models, Biological",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Nelfinavir",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Proviruses",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "RNA, Viral",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Sulfonic Acids",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Viral Load",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Viremia",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Virus Latency",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
},
{
"inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/",
"name": "Zidovudine",
"type": "DefinedTerm"
}
],
"author": [
{
"affiliation": {
"alternateName": "Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA",
"id": "http://www.grid.ac/institutes/grid.148313.c",
"name": [
"Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA"
],
"type": "Organization"
},
"familyName": "Perelson",
"givenName": "Alan S.",
"id": "sg:person.01335541022.50",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?and_facet_researcher=ur.01335541022.50"
],
"type": "Person"
},
{
"affiliation": {
"alternateName": "Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA",
"id": "http://www.grid.ac/institutes/grid.148313.c",
"name": [
"Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA"
],
"type": "Organization"
},
"familyName": "Essunger",
"givenName": "Paulina",
"id": "sg:person.01342367032.44",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?and_facet_researcher=ur.01342367032.44"
],
"type": "Person"
},
{
"affiliation": {
"alternateName": "Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA",
"id": "http://www.grid.ac/institutes/grid.148313.c",
"name": [
"Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA"
],
"type": "Organization"
},
"familyName": "Cao",
"givenName": "Yunzhen",
"id": "sg:person.01343017451.31",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?and_facet_researcher=ur.01343017451.31"
],
"type": "Person"
},
{
"affiliation": {
"alternateName": "Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA",
"id": "http://www.grid.ac/institutes/grid.148313.c",
"name": [
"Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA"
],
"type": "Organization"
},
"familyName": "Vesanen",
"givenName": "Mika",
"id": "sg:person.01370270152.62",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?and_facet_researcher=ur.01370270152.62"
],
"type": "Person"
},
{
"affiliation": {
"alternateName": "Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA",
"id": "http://www.grid.ac/institutes/grid.148313.c",
"name": [
"Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA"
],
"type": "Organization"
},
"familyName": "Hurley",
"givenName": "Arlene",
"id": "sg:person.01154520206.45",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?and_facet_researcher=ur.01154520206.45"
],
"type": "Person"
},
{
"affiliation": {
"alternateName": "Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA",
"id": "http://www.grid.ac/institutes/grid.148313.c",
"name": [
"Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA"
],
"type": "Organization"
},
"familyName": "Saksela",
"givenName": "Kalle",
"id": "sg:person.01172560566.03",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?and_facet_researcher=ur.01172560566.03"
],
"type": "Person"
},
{
"affiliation": {
"alternateName": "Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA",
"id": "http://www.grid.ac/institutes/grid.148313.c",
"name": [
"Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA"
],
"type": "Organization"
},
"familyName": "Markowitz",
"givenName": "Martin",
"id": "sg:person.016673513377.34",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?and_facet_researcher=ur.016673513377.34"
],
"type": "Person"
},
{
"affiliation": {
"alternateName": "Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA",
"id": "http://www.grid.ac/institutes/grid.148313.c",
"name": [
"Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA"
],
"type": "Organization"
},
"familyName": "Ho",
"givenName": "David D.",
"id": "sg:person.01342202624.34",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?and_facet_researcher=ur.01342202624.34"
],
"type": "Person"
}
],
"citation": [
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1038/360264a0",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1017658165",
"https://doi.org/10.1038/360264a0"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1038/373123a0",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1014949926",
"https://doi.org/10.1038/373123a0"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1038/nm1295-1284",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1020288435",
"https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1295-1284"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1038/387183a0",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1036513917",
"https://doi.org/10.1038/387183a0"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1007/bf01468720",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1005527589",
"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01468720"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
},
{
"id": "sg:pub.10.1038/377740a0",
"sameAs": [
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1020157720",
"https://doi.org/10.1038/377740a0"
],
"type": "CreativeWork"
}
],
"datePublished": "1997-05",
"datePublishedReg": "1997-05-01",
"description": "Analysis of changes in viral load after initiation of treatment with potent antiretroviral agents has provided substantial insight into the dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)1\u20133. The concentration of HIV-1 in plasma drops by \u223c99% in the first two weeks of treatment owing to the rapid elimination of free virus with a half-life (t1/2) of \u22646 hours and loss of productively infected cells with a t1/2 of 1.6 days3. Here we show that with combination therapy this initial decrease is followed by a slower second-phase decay of plasma viraemia. Detailed mathematical analysis shows that the loss of long-lived infected cells (t1/2of1\u20134weeks) is a major contributor to the second phase, whereas the activation of latently infected lymphocytes (t1/2 of 0.5\u20132 weeks) is only a minor source. Based on these decay characteristics, we estimate that 2.3\u20133.1 years of a completely inhibitory treatment would be required to eliminate HIV-1 from these compartments. To eradicate HIV-1 completely, even longer treatment may be needed because of the possible existence of undetected viral compartments or sanctuary sites.",
"genre": "article",
"id": "sg:pub.10.1038/387188a0",
"isAccessibleForFree": false,
"isPartOf": [
{
"id": "sg:journal.1018957",
"issn": [
"0028-0836",
"1476-4687"
],
"name": "Nature",
"publisher": "Springer Nature",
"type": "Periodical"
},
{
"issueNumber": "6629",
"type": "PublicationIssue"
},
{
"type": "PublicationVolume",
"volumeNumber": "387"
}
],
"keywords": [
"HIV-1",
"combination therapy",
"human immunodeficiency virus type 1",
"immunodeficiency virus type 1",
"initiation of treatment",
"weeks of treatment",
"potent antiretroviral agents",
"second-phase decay",
"virus type 1",
"plasma viraemia",
"viral load",
"antiretroviral agents",
"sanctuary site",
"type 1",
"free virus",
"longer treatment",
"rapid elimination",
"infected cells",
"viral compartments",
"inhibitory treatment",
"treatment",
"therapy",
"initial decrease",
"days3",
"cells",
"viraemia",
"compartments",
"HIV",
"major contributor",
"lymphocytes",
"weeks",
"virus",
"t1/2",
"activation",
"hours",
"loss",
"analysis of changes",
"initiation",
"agents",
"years",
"substantial insight",
"decrease",
"elimination",
"possible existence",
"analysis",
"contributor",
"second phase",
"changes",
"concentration",
"characteristics",
"sites",
"plasma drop",
"minor source",
"insights",
"drop",
"phase",
"load",
"source",
"existence",
"decay characteristics",
"decay",
"dynamics",
"mathematical analysis",
"detailed mathematical analysis"
],
"name": "Decay characteristics of HIV-1-infected compartments during combination therapy",
"pagination": "188-191",
"productId": [
{
"name": "dimensions_id",
"type": "PropertyValue",
"value": [
"pub.1026180202"
]
},
{
"name": "doi",
"type": "PropertyValue",
"value": [
"10.1038/387188a0"
]
},
{
"name": "pubmed_id",
"type": "PropertyValue",
"value": [
"9144290"
]
}
],
"sameAs": [
"https://doi.org/10.1038/387188a0",
"https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1026180202"
],
"sdDataset": "articles",
"sdDatePublished": "2022-08-04T16:52",
"sdLicense": "https://scigraph.springernature.com/explorer/license/",
"sdPublisher": {
"name": "Springer Nature - SN SciGraph project",
"type": "Organization"
},
"sdSource": "s3://com-springernature-scigraph/baseset/20220804/entities/gbq_results/article/article_299.jsonl",
"type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/387188a0"
}
]Download the RDF metadata as: json-ld nt turtle xml License info
JSON-LD is a popular format for linked data which is fully compatible with JSON.
curl -H 'Accept: application/ld+json' 'https://scigraph.springernature.com/pub.10.1038/387188a0'
N-Triples is a line-based linked data format ideal for batch operations.
curl -H 'Accept: application/n-triples' 'https://scigraph.springernature.com/pub.10.1038/387188a0'
Turtle is a human-readable linked data format.
curl -H 'Accept: text/turtle' 'https://scigraph.springernature.com/pub.10.1038/387188a0'
RDF/XML is a standard XML format for linked data.
curl -H 'Accept: application/rdf+xml' 'https://scigraph.springernature.com/pub.10.1038/387188a0'
This table displays all metadata directly associated to this object as RDF triples.
290 TRIPLES
21 PREDICATES
119 URIs
105 LITERALS
30 BLANK NODES