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            "Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St, V5Z 1M9, Vancouver, BC, Canada", 
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    "description": "Purpose of ReviewAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a chronic and progressive disorder, associated with effort intolerance, impairments in quality of life, and reduced survival. In patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation, pulmonary vein isolation is an important treatment modality to reduce recurrent arrhythmia and improve quality of life. The purpose of this paper is to review practical considerations of the cryoballoon ablation procedure in order to minimize the risk of adverse procedural outcomes and arrhythmia recurrences.Recent FindingsEmerging evidence with respect to cryoablation dosing has beneficially refined the cryoballoon ablation procedure. In aggregate, dose limitation can be achieved by the following: (1) If real-time pulmonary vein potential (PVP) monitoring is feasible, an early time to isolation (TTI, e.g., < 0\u201360 s) suggests that the \u201cbonus freeze\u201d may be omitted; (2) In PVs where real-time PVP monitoring is feasible, a late TTI (e.g., >60\u201390 s) or a balloon temperature warmer than \u221235 \u00b0C at 60 s suggests that the lesion be abandoned and the balloon repositioned; (3) The minimum cryoablation duration should be 2 min for the right-sided PVs, in order to balance clinical efficacy with the risk of phrenic nerve injury; (4) The minimum cryoablation duration should be 3 min (ideally 4 min) for the left-sided PVs, in order to maximize efficacy; (5) No more than one \u201cbonus freeze\u201d should be delivered.SummaryPractical procedural considerations focused on cryoballoon positioning, pulmonary vein monitoring, and ablation duration can be utilized to optimize patient outcomes and ensure the procedure is safely and effectively performed.", 
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        "name": "Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports", 
        "publisher": "Springer Nature", 
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