Ontology type: schema:ScholarlyArticle
2021-08-18
AUTHORSJeyachandran Sivakamavalli, Kannusamy Pandiselvi, Kiyun Park, Ihn-Sil Kwak
ABSTRACTIn this study, we determined the toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles using the medicinal plant Garcinia cambogia (Gc-ZnO NPs) and biopolymer chitosan (Gc-ZnO/CS) via ultraviolet (UV)–Visible spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Electrochemical analysis. UV–Visible spectroscopy bands revealed the absorbance peak around 380–400 nm that represents the presence ZnO NPs. Scanning electron microscopy showed the spherical nature of Gc-ZnO0.05/CS NPs (sized between 90 and 110 nm). Light and Confocal microscopy revealed that Gc-ZnO0.05/CS NPs efficiently inhibit the formation of microbial biofilms and growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis as compared to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris using lower concentrations of the Gc-ZnO0.05/CS NPs. Oral toxicity studies were performed using different kinds of freshwater crustaceans, such as Daphnia carinata, Diaphanosoma sarsi, Moina brachiate, and M. micrura. Exposure to Gc-ZnO0.05/CS NPs (64 µg/ml for 18–24 h) resulted in 100% mortality of the freshwater crustaceans D. carinata and D. sarsi as compared to other crustacean zooplanktons. Similarly, M. brachiate and M. micrura showed a 75% mortality rate using a median lethal dose (25 µg/ml) of Gc-ZnO0.05/CS NPs. Light microscopy showed that Gc-ZnO0.05/CS NPs (32 µg/ml) penetrate the intestine of D. carinata at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h. In addition, Gc-ZnO0.05/CS NPs have shown remarkable anticancer effect and significantly inhibited the human breast cancer cell (MCF- 7) viability at 100 μg/ml after 24 h. A noticeable change in the morphology of MCF-7 cells was also noticed. At the same time Gc-ZnO0.05/CS NPs were non-toxic to fish cell lines (Catla catla) tested and no morphological changes, cell death was observed in the fish cell lines. Hence this synthesized Gc-ZnO0.05/CS NPs are non-toxic nature of Gc-ZnO0.05/CS NPs exhibited no morphological, physiological changes proved its safety to the environment. It is concluded that Gc-ZnO/CS NPs have a broad range of biological applications and it can be used as an eco-friendly material without having negative effects in the environment. This is the first report about the Gc-ZnO0.05/CS NPs applications in toxicological assays. More... »
PAGES1-16
http://scigraph.springernature.com/pub.10.1007/s10876-021-02032-5
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10876-021-02032-5
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