Ontology type: schema:ScholarlyArticle Open Access: True
2016-10
AUTHORSOlivier Schalm, Amandine Crabbé, Patrick Storme, Rita Wiesinger, Arianna Gambirasi, Eva Grieten, Pieter Tack, Stephen Bauters, Christoph Kleber, Monica Favaro, Dominique Schryvers, Laszlo Vincze, Herman Terryn, Alessandro Patelli
ABSTRACTMany historical ‘silver’ objects are composed of sterling silver, a silver alloy containing small amounts of copper. Besides the dramatic impact of copper on the corrosion process, the chemical composition of the corrosion layer evolves continuously. The evolution of the surface during the exposure to a Na2S solution was monitored by means of visual observation at macroscopic level, chemical analysis at microscopic level and analysis at the nanoscopic level. The corrosion process starts with the preferential oxidation of copper, forming mixtures of oxides and sulphides while voids are being created beneath the corrosion layer. Only at a later stage, the silver below the corrosion layer is consumed. This results in the formation of jalpaite and at a later stage of acanthite. The acanthite is found inside the corrosion layer at the boundaries of jalpaite grains and as individual grains between the jalpaite grains but also as a thin film on top of the corrosion layer. The corrosion process could be described as a sequence of 5 subsequent surface states with transitions between these states. More... »
PAGES903
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