Ontology type: schema:ScholarlyArticle
1990-08
AUTHORSB. Z. Siegel, Marlene Nachbar-Hapai, S. M. Siegel
ABSTRACTBetween December 1986 and June 1987, the mean pH of rainfall downwind of the Kilauea main vent was found to be 4.5 (range 4.0 to 5.6), 1.2 units higher than the year before (1985-86), although 84% of the 12 sequential samples fell below pH 5.0. The SO4 content, however, was 34% higher, averaging 18.5 mg L−1. Upwind, in open forest the mean pH 4.7 was little changed from that measured before. Mean SO4, however, has fallen to a low of 2.5 mg L−1, but, more significantly, in 9 out of 12 sequential samples S04 was not detectable at all (i.e. < 0.5 mg L−1). The calculated pH, assuming 100% H2SO4 would be 5.3 yet 58% of these samples fell below pH 5.0, the lowest being 4.0. Disparities between pH measured and calculated on the basis of SO4 content indicated that other acid species were present in the precipitation. Oxidation of rain samples with H2O2 greatly increased SO4 content and lowered pH downwind, but failed in most samples to alter either parameter in the upwind collections. These observations, together with the elimination of HCl and N03 by others, suggested that SO2 contributes significantly to acidity downwind, but that in most upwind samples a source of H+ other than mineral acids, presumably organic compounds, must be of major importance. More... »
PAGES227-235
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DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00229435
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