Ontology type: schema:Chapter
1997
AUTHORS ABSTRACTDue to the reduction of armament and especially due to the german reunification we are met by objective the disposal of energetic materials. In the next few years there will be approximately 40,000 t of energetic materials to dispose off. Environmentally friendly disposal methods available for the different propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics are urgently needed. The main component of gun and rocket propellants is the energetic polymer nitrocellulose. One method to dispose off nitrocellulose containing propellants is the combination of rapid chemical destruction by pressure hydrolysis and the biological degradation of the reaction mixture. The study describes the results of pressure hydrolysis of different gun and rocket propellants. Under alkaline conditions (propellant to NaOH ratio 2,3:1; reaction temperature 150 °C; pressure below 30 bar) biological degradable reaction products were formed. The main products in the liquid phase were simple mono and dicarboxylic acids. Dependent on the reaction conditions 30–50 % of the nitrogen content of the propellants was transformed to nitrite and nitrate. The gaseous nitrogen containing products were N2 (16–46 %), N2O (2–23) %, NOx (0–5) %. Overall 40–60 % of the propellant nitrogen was transformed to gaseous products. In the solid residues a nitrogen content between 2 and 9 % was found. The residues were mostly due to additives used in propellant manufacturing. In the case of nitrocellulose pressure hydrolysis below 30 bar and reaction temperature about 150 °C is sufficient. More... »
PAGES259-269
Conversion Concepts for Commercial Applications and Disposal Technologies of Energetic Systems
ISBN
978-90-481-4880-6
978-94-017-1175-3
http://scigraph.springernature.com/pub.10.1007/978-94-017-1175-3_28
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