Ontology type: schema:Chapter
1988
AUTHORSB. Z. Siegel , S. M. Siegel , Marlene Nachbar-Hapai , Christa Russell
ABSTRACTWhether from natural or anthropogenic sources, geothermal gas emissions have only been critically characterized in terms of Occupational Safety and Ambient Air Quality standards. Nevertheless, the sense of “toxic,” is commonly extended to all biota. The association of malodorous gases with blast, heat and mechanical impacts reinforces the image of a harsh chemistry as a principal actor in volcanic devastation. There is no argument as to whether or not Hg, H2S, S02 and H2S04 can be toxic, given the appropriate circumstances, but each of these substances can also stimulate plant growth. Aside from the often catastrophic physical events associated with volcanic eruptions, geothermally active regions commonly release one, several or all of the above gases, more or less continuously. At Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii, vigorous native forests exist over an area of at least 25 000 ha around a caldera that produces 100–200 tons of S02 daily and ca 200 tons of Hg annually, together with H2S and a rainfall that reaches pH 2.9. Around Rotorua, New Zealand, pastures, gardens, parks, forests, and a major wildlife refuge exist in atmospheric H2S which ranges from 100 to 4000 parts per billion more or less continuously. From these and other examples, we seek to develop a more realistic picture of the phytotoxicology of natural geothermal emissions. More... »
PAGES589-597
Natural and Man-Made Hazards
ISBN
978-94-010-7142-0
978-94-009-1433-9
http://scigraph.springernature.com/pub.10.1007/978-94-009-1433-9_39
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1433-9_39
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