2021-08-06
AUTHORSAdeel Mahmood , Maryam Eqan , Saher Pervez , Rimsha Javed , Rizwan Ullah , Arshad Islam , Ajmal Khan , Atif Amin Baig , Gotam Kumar , Muhammad Abaid-Ullah , Muhammad Rafiq
ABSTRACTHeart is a vital blood pumping organ of human body. Cholesterol buildup, smoking, obesity and high blood pressure causes heart malfunctioning leading to heart diseases. Coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, congenital heart diseases, cardiomyopathy are some among many cardiovascular diseases. Several drugs are clinically available to treat these cardiac disorders, for example, antiplatelet drugs have been useful in ischemic stroke, CAD and peripheral arterial disease. Moreover, aspirin is commonly used in myocardial infarction, while atorvastatin, a drug used to lower cholesterol, deters with cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of clopidogrel that results in the resistance against clopidogrel (antithrombotic drug). Atropine is used in cardiac dysrhythmia and heart block while adenosine has depressant effects on atropine. The antibiotic, benzathine penicillin G, is an important antibiotic for the treatment of group A streptococcal infections associated with rheumatic heart disease. Furthermore, beta blockers, thiazides, ACE inhibitors, diuretics are also used for several other heart disorders. Resistance has been reported against some of the drugs, such as some antiplatelet drugs and antithrombotic agents. Resistance towards aspirin is influenced by several factors such as clinical, biological and genetic aspects. COX1-A1 mutation and glycoprotein IIIa (GPIIIa) gene polymorphism is linked to aspirin resistance and could possibly be involved in it. However, drug resistance against atorvastatin, atropine and benzathine penicillin G is still unknown. More... »
PAGES295-334
Biochemistry of Drug Resistance
ISBN
978-3-030-76319-0
978-3-030-76320-6
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