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2019-07-23
AUTHORSMuhammad Rafiq , Noor Hassan , Maliha Rehman , Fariha Hasan
ABSTRACTEarth has a combination of diverse environmental conditions, from pleasant to extreme, from a human’s perspective. Fungi are ubiquitous in nature and found everywhere. Low-temperature regions have several restrictions, and fungi harboring there, possess specific mechanisms to thrive in such harsh environments, and their extraordinary characteristics can be exploited for the benefit of humans and nature. The Chapter lines up data of psychrophilic fungi, strategies to survive in cryogenic zones, and applications in biotechnology and industry. Besides low temperature, psychrophilic fungi also face UV rays, low nutrients and water availability, freeze-thaw cycles, and osmotic pressure. They play an important role in nutrient cycling and decomposition of organic compounds at freezing temperatures. Strategies of cold tolerance in fungi include production of antifreeze proteins, compatible solutes, and maintenance of plasma membrane fluidity, cold-active enzymes, and other mechanisms. Cold active enzymes, bioactive metabolites, lipids, pigments, exopolysaccharides, antifreeze proteins, bioleaching, bioremediation of wastewater, soil, hydrocarbons, etc. are some of the important biotechnological uses of low-temperature fungi. Here, we elaborate strategies of cold-adapted fungi to survive in cold and their possible uses in industry and biotechnology. This Chapter gives comprehensive knowledge of low-temperature environment harboring thousands of fungal species. It explains both phenotypic and genotypic mechanisms by which fungi thrive at low temperature and in turn how can we use these adaptation strategies for diverse industrial applications. This chapter is expected to be useful for researchers as well as biotechnological and industrial bioprospectors. More... »
PAGES157-174
Fungi in Extreme Environments: Ecological Role and Biotechnological Significance
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978-3-030-19030-9
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