1982
AUTHORSPaul Predecki , Charles S. Barrett
ABSTRACTBy embedding crystalline filler particles in resin matrix laminates during layup, strains that are transferred to the particles were measured by X-ray diffraction. In tensile tests of unidirectional graphite-fiber/epoxy laminates with Al particles between the first and second plies the X-ray strains increased linearly and reversibly with applied stress up to stress levels that initiated yielding in the filler. Residual stresses in the particles resulting from curing were found to be 5, -34 and -53 MPa in fiber, transverse and thickness directions, respectively, in a specimen dried 7 days at 50°C. Residual stresses in the resin were computed from tensile data and the residual stress data from the particles; neglecting transverse stresses, the residual stress in the fiber direction in the resin was computed to be 8.1 MPa (1.2 ksi). Differential thermal contraction from 177°C to 21°C of matrix and fibers in the absence of particles would lead to a prediction of 25 MPa (3.6 ksi); the former computed value for the filled composite was smaller than this presumably in part because of the inhibition of the contraction of the matrix by the closely spaced particles in the layer between the plies. The difference between the residual stresses in the lateral and thickness directions is also ascribed to this particle interaction. Residual stresses in Al particles of a quasi-isotropic (0, +60, −60)s laminate were not reduced by annealing either in the ambient or in a desiccator at temperatures between 50°C and 175°C; after annealing one hr at 175°C they were 42 and 40 MPa along 0° and 90° directions in the plane of the specimen, respectively, and −29 MPa normal to this plane. Diffraction angles were strongly influenced by moisture content, suggesting the method could be developed as a non-destructive test for moisture content. In quasi-isotropic specimens residual stresses parallel to the surface were tensile when the specimens were dry but were reduced to zero by holding about 150 hrs in 100% relative humidity at 50°C. Substantial stresses remain after 490 hrs at 50°C and 50% relative humidity. There was evidence that the stresses depend to some extent on the moisture history of the specimen. Correlations between the X-ray data and moisture diffusion data were made. More... »
PAGES409-424
Residual Stress and Stress Relaxation
ISBN
978-1-4899-1886-4
978-1-4899-1884-0
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