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      {
        "id": "http://purl.org/au-research/vocabulary/anzsrc-for/2008/2209", 
        "inDefinedTermSet": "http://purl.org/au-research/vocabulary/anzsrc-for/2008/", 
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    "description": "At the present days nuclear energy is generally recognized as the only source to meet the constantly growing needs of mankind in electricity. The development of nuclear industry of Russian Federation is impossible without solving the problem of radioactive waste management (RW) produced within nuclear fuel cycle operation, decommissioning of nuclear - and radiation-hazardous facilities, as well as accumulated by the enterprises during the implementation of defense programs [Myasoedov, B.F., Kalmykov, S.N. Nuclear power industry and the environment // Mendeleev Communications. 2015. 25 (5), p. 319-328]. The cement- and glass-based matrices are used for immobilization of medium- and high-level RW respectively. But the application of these materials for the immobilization of some types of wastes is sometimes practically and economically inefficient, and in some cases - impossible. For example, cement cannot be used for immobilization of wastes with high salinity and high specific alpha-activity due to low physical and chemical stability of cement, and glass matrices are not suitable for waste containing corrosive components (iron, nickel, sulfate ion, etc.) due to the danger of failure of the molybdenum electrodes in high temperature electric furnace that is used for the vitrification of RW. \nThe relevance of the project represents the need of search of new effective matrix with high physical and chemical stability that will provide long-term environmental safety of the interim storage or final repository of radioactive wastes with high salt and actinide content and complex composition, and will prevent the release of highly toxic long-lived actinides to the environment. \nThe efficiency of immobilization of actinide-bearing wastes can be achieved by using phosphate matrices - synthetic analogues of phosphate minerals having high stability in the earth over millions of years and containing dozens of weight percent of natural actinides \u2013 uranium and thorium. Earlier [Vinokurov S.E., Kulyako Yu.M., Slyuntchev O.M. et al. Low-temperature immobilization of actinides and other components of high-level waste in magnesium potassium phosphate matrices // J. Nuclear Materials. 2009. Vol. 385. P. 189-192.] we have demonstrated that crystalline magnesium-potassium-phosphate matrix of composition MgKPO4\u00b76H2O (hereafter MKP), similar to the natural mineral struvite-(K) [Graeser S. et al. Struvite-(K), MgKPO4\u00b76H2O, the potassium equivalent of struvite \u2013 a new mineral // European J. of Mineralogy. 2008. Vol. 20. P. 629-633], is a promising material for immobilization of radioactive waste. It should be emphasized that the synthesis of this matrix is carried out at room temperature as a result of an acid-base reaction between magnesium oxide and potassium dihydrophosphate (i.e., the matrix is classified as low temperature). Thus, practical application of these matrices, unlike the vitrification, does not require construction of a special expensive high-temperature furnaces, which have to be removed after the expiry and the demolition operation of which is the difficult radiological task and is not currently performed. \nPreviously, we have performed successful testing of the MKP matrices for the immobilization of RW imitators. At the same time, chemical resistance towards leaching of elements - the main criterion of potential applicability of the matrix for RW - can be affected by following factors which impact is still unclear: chemical, radionuclide and phase composition of low-temperature matrices, their structure, distribution and speciation of actinides and other elements, as well as conditions of interim surface storage or final repository in geological formations. \nScientific originality of the project \u2013 for the first time the systematic studies focused on developing fundamental scientific data on the influence of chemical and phase composition of low-temperature mineral-like phosphate matrices, their structure, distribution and speciation of actinides, as well as conditions of storage or repository on chemical stability of matrices towards leaching of structure-forming elements and actinides will be carried out. \nThe aim of the project is to obtain fundamental data on composition, structure and chemical and physical properties of low-temperature mineral-like phosphate matrices that will allow developing new approaches for actinide-bearing radioactive wastes treatment. \nThe main objectives of the project: \n- synthesis and study of the phase composition and structural features of the low-temperature phosphate matrices containing actinides and their imitators, including in weight amounts; \n- investigation of physical and chemical properties of the synthesized matrices, including chemical, radiation, mechanical and thermal stability under various conditions; \n- study of the behavior, distribution and speciation of radionuclides in the synthesized matrices; \n- development of the predictive model of behavior of the matrix during interim storage or final disposal of wastes; \n- generalization of the project results and the choice on their basis optimal conditions for immobilization of actinide-bearing radioactive wastes, formulation of recommendations for a possible practical application of matrices.", 
    "endDate": "2018-12-31T00:00:00Z", 
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